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This course provides a structured and practical approach to understanding Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) in women and its impact on sleep, wellbeing and quality of life. It explores the underlying neurological mechanisms, the importance of accurate diagnosis and the application of evidence-based management strategies in primary care. Participants will learn how to identify RLS, differentiate it from similar conditions and implement stepwise treatment approaches tailored to individual patient needs.

The course combines clinical theory with practical application, enabling practitioners to confidently assess patients, identify contributing factors and develop effective management plans.

Unit 1 – Introduction and Overview

This unit introduces Restless Legs Syndrome as a common yet under-recognised neurological condition. Participants learn how RLS affects sleep, mental wellbeing and overall quality of life. The unit explores key clinical features, including the characteristic urge to move the legs and associated uncomfortable sensations such as aching, tingling or crawling feelings. It also discusses risk factors, including genetic predisposition, iron deficiency, pregnancy and chronic disease, and highlights the importance of proactive questioning in identifying patients who may not present with obvious symptoms.

Unit 2 – Pathophysiology

This unit examines the underlying mechanisms of RLS, focusing on the interaction between dopaminergic dysfunction, brain iron deficiency and genetic factors. Participants explore how disruptions in dopamine pathways and iron metabolism contribute to symptom development. The unit also explains how circadian rhythms influence symptom severity, particularly in the evening and at night. Understanding these mechanisms provides a foundation for targeted treatment strategies and supports evidence-based clinical decision-making.

Unit 3 – Diagnosis

This unit focuses on the clinical diagnosis of RLS using the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG) criteria. Participants learn the key diagnostic features, including the urge to move the legs, symptom onset during rest, relief with movement and worsening symptoms at night. The unit also covers differential diagnoses such as leg cramps, neuropathy, arthritis and other conditions that may mimic RLS. Guidance is provided on when to investigate further and how to identify secondary causes such as iron deficiency, renal disease or medication triggers.

Unit 4 – Management

This unit outlines a stepwise, evidence-based approach to managing RLS in clinical practice. Participants learn the importance of addressing underlying causes, particularly iron deficiency, and implementing lifestyle modifications such as improving sleep hygiene and reducing triggers like caffeine and alcohol. The unit also explores pharmacological options, including newer guideline recommendations that prioritise non-dopaminergic therapies such as gabapentinoids. Considerations around medication selection, side effects and long-term management are also discussed to support safe and effective treatment planning.

Unit 5 – Case Study and Clinical Application

This unit integrates course knowledge through a practical patient case. Participants follow the assessment, diagnosis and management of a patient presenting with typical RLS symptoms. The case highlights the importance of detailed history taking, identification of contributing factors such as iron deficiency and the application of both lifestyle and pharmacological interventions. This unit reinforces clinical decision-making and demonstrates how to apply theoretical knowledge in real-world practice.

Learning Outcomes

1. Apply the IRLSSG diagnostic criteria in primary care to accurately identify patients with Restless Legs Syndrome and differentiate it from common mimics
2. Develop and implement an evidence-based, stepwise management plan for RLS in general practice.

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