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Introduction to Paediatric Continence is the core module of the Paediatric Continence course. This is a pre-requisite for all other modules in this program, providing a solid foundation to start your learning. In this module you will learn about:

• Anatomy and physiology of the lower urinary tract
• Anatomy and physiology of the gastrointestinal tract
• Development of continence
• Bladder and bowel dysfunction

Learning Outcomes

Anatomy of the lower urinary tract:

1. Identify the organs of the lower urinary tract 
2. Explain the function of organs of the lower urinary tract 
3. Differentiate between the male and female lower urinary tract  
4. Identify the elements that make up the pelvic floor 
5. Explain how the anatomy of the lower urinary tract contributes to maintaining continence

Physiology of the lower urinary tract:

1. Describe the different phases of the micturition cycle 
2. Explain how the brain, nerves and muscles work together to control micturition and continence.

Anatomy and physiology of the lower gastrointestinal tract:

1. Identify the parts of the lower gastrointestinal tract 
2. Explain the effect of the nervous system on the colon and rectum 
3. Explain the role of peristalsis in colonic motility 
4. Explain the muscles involved in defecation and continence  
5. Describe the process of defecation.

Development of continence:

1. Describe the development of the bladder and bowel
2. Describe the development of bladder control from birth to adolescence
3. Identify the factors affecting the development of bladder control
4. Identify the factors affecting the development of bowel control
5. Identify factors that can challenge continence.

Bladder and bowel dysfunction:

1. Explain the relationship between bladder and bowel dysfunction 
2. Identify different types of bowel dysfunction 
3. Describethe behavioural comorbidities associated with bladder and bowel dysfunction.

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